在.NET开发中,你是否经常为序列化性能头疼?传统的JSON序列化慢如蜗牛,反射序列化更是性能杀手。今天,我将带你走进C# Source Generators的世界,用编译时代码生成技术打造一款比System.Text.Json快10倍的极速序列化器!
这不是纸上谈兵,而是经过10万次测试验证的真实性能提升。如果你的项目对序列化性能有极致要求,或者你想深入了解编译时代码生成的奥秘,这篇文章将为你揭开所有答案。
在深入解决方案之前,让我们先看看传统序列化的性能瓶颈:
C#// 传统反射序列化 - 每次都要获取类型信息
var properties = typeof(Person).GetProperties();
foreach(var prop in properties) {
var value = prop.GetValue(obj); // 反射调用,性能杀手
}
每次序列化都要进行类型判断和转换,无法在编译时优化。
关键问题:能否在编译时就生成好所有序列化代码,运行时零反射调用?
C# 9.0引入的Source Generators就是我们的救星!它能在编译时自动生成代码,实现:
XML<!-- AppFastSerializerGenerator.csproj -->
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netstandard2.0</TargetFramework>
<IncludeBuildOutput>false</IncludeBuildOutput>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp" Version="4.5.0" PrivateAssets="all" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Analyzers" Version="3.3.4" PrivateAssets="all" />
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
C#using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Syntax;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
#pragma warning disable RS1035
namespace AppFastSerializerGenerator
{
[Generator]
public class FastSerializerGenerator : ISourceGenerator
{
public void Initialize(GeneratorInitializationContext context)
{
}
public void Execute(GeneratorExecutionContext context)
{
var syntaxTrees = context.Compilation.SyntaxTrees;
foreach (var syntaxTree in syntaxTrees)
{
var root = syntaxTree.GetRoot();
var classes = root.DescendantNodes().OfType<ClassDeclarationSyntax>();
foreach (var @class in classes)
{
var properties = @class.Members
.OfType<PropertyDeclarationSyntax>()
.Where(prop => prop.Modifiers.All(m => m.Text != "static"))
.ToArray();
if (properties.Length == 0) continue;
var ns = (@class.Parent as NamespaceDeclarationSyntax)?.Name.ToString()
?? (@class.Parent is FileScopedNamespaceDeclarationSyntax fns ? fns.Name.ToString() : "");
var className = @class.Identifier.Text;
var fullClassName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(ns) ? className : ns + "." + className;
// 构建序列化代码 - 注意这里使用 fullClassName
var sb = new StringBuilder($@"using System.IO;
namespace GeneratedSerialization
{{
public static class {className}Serializer
{{
public static void Serialize({fullClassName} obj, System.IO.Stream stream)
{{
var bw = new System.IO.BinaryWriter(stream, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8, true);
");
foreach (var prop in properties)
{
var propType = prop.Type.ToString();
var propName = prop.Identifier.Text;
// 可根据类型扩展更多类型适配
if (propType == "int")
sb.AppendLine($" bw.Write(obj.{propName});");
else if (propType == "float")
sb.AppendLine($" bw.Write(obj.{propName});");
else if (propType == "string")
{
sb.AppendLine($@"
if (obj.{propName} == null)
bw.Write(-1);
else
{{
var bytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(obj.{propName});
bw.Write(bytes.Length);
bw.Write(bytes);
}}");
}
// 这里可以处理更多类型...
}
sb.AppendLine(" }");
// 反序列化方法 - 注意这里也使用 fullClassName
sb.AppendLine($@"
public static {fullClassName} Deserialize(System.IO.Stream stream)
{{
var br = new System.IO.BinaryReader(stream, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8, true);
var obj = new {fullClassName}();
");
foreach (var prop in properties)
{
var propType = prop.Type.ToString();
var propName = prop.Identifier.Text;
if (propType == "int")
sb.AppendLine($" obj.{propName} = br.ReadInt32();");
else if (propType == "float")
sb.AppendLine($" obj.{propName} = br.ReadSingle();");
else if (propType == "string")
{
sb.AppendLine($@"
int length_{propName} = br.ReadInt32();
if (length_{propName} == -1)
obj.{propName} = null;
else
obj.{propName} = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(br.ReadBytes(length_{propName}));
");
}
}
sb.AppendLine(" return obj;\n }\n }\n}");
// 添加到生成器输出
context.AddSource($"{className}Serializer.g.cs", sb.ToString());
}
}
}
}
}
XML<!-- 主项目.csproj -->
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ProjectReference Include="..\AppFastSerializerGenerator\AppFastSerializerGenerator.csproj"
OutputItemType="Analyzer" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
C#namespace AppSourceGeneratorsSerializer
{
[Serializable]
public class Person
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public float Score { get; set; }
}
}
C#using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using GeneratedSerialization;
namespace AppSourceGeneratorsSerializer
{
internal class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// 基本功能测试
Console.WriteLine("=== 基本功能测试 ===");
var person = new Person { Id = 1, Name = "John", Score = 88.5f };
using var ms = new MemoryStream();
PersonSerializer.Serialize(person, ms);
ms.Position = 0;
var person2 = PersonSerializer.Deserialize(ms);
Console.WriteLine($"反序列化结果: Name={person2.Name}, Score={person2.Score}, Id={person2.Id}");
Console.WriteLine();
// 性能测试
Console.WriteLine("=== 性能测试对比 ===");
PerformanceTest();
Console.ReadKey();
}
static void PerformanceTest()
{
const int iterations = 100_000;
var testData = GenerateTestData(1000); // 生成1000个测试对象
Console.WriteLine($"测试数据: {testData.Count} 个对象");
Console.WriteLine($"测试迭代: {iterations:N0} 次");
Console.WriteLine();
// 1. Source Generator 序列化器测试
TestSourceGeneratorSerialization(testData, iterations);
// 2. System.Text.Json 测试
TestSystemTextJsonSerialization(testData, iterations);
// 3. Newtonsoft.Json 测试 (如果安装了包)
// TestNewtonsoftJsonSerialization(testData, iterations);
// 4. 反射序列化器测试 (自实现)
TestReflectionSerialization(testData, iterations);
// 5. XML序列化测试
TestXmlSerialization(testData, iterations);
}
static List<Person> GenerateTestData(int count)
{
var random = new Random(42); // 固定种子确保一致性
var data = new List<Person>(count);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
data.Add(new Person
{
Id = i,
Name = $"Person_{i}_{random.Next(1000, 9999)}",
Score = (float)(random.NextDouble() * 100)
});
}
return data;
}
static void TestSourceGeneratorSerialization(List<Person> data, int iterations)
{
Console.WriteLine("1. Source Generator 序列化器:");
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
long totalBytes = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
{
using var ms = new MemoryStream();
foreach (var person in data)
{
PersonSerializer.Serialize(person, ms);
}
totalBytes += ms.Length;
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($" 序列化时间: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds:N0} ms");
Console.WriteLine($" 平均大小: {totalBytes / iterations:N0} bytes");
// 反序列化测试
var serializedData = new MemoryStream();
foreach (var person in data)
{
PersonSerializer.Serialize(person, serializedData);
}
var serializedBytes = serializedData.ToArray();
sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
{
using var ms = new MemoryStream(serializedBytes);
var deserializedData = new List<Person>();
while (ms.Position < ms.Length)
{
deserializedData.Add(PersonSerializer.Deserialize(ms));
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($" 反序列化时间: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds:N0} ms");
Console.WriteLine();
}
static void TestSystemTextJsonSerialization(List<Person> data, int iterations)
{
Console.WriteLine("2. System.Text.Json:");
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
long totalBytes = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
{
var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(data);
totalBytes += System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json).Length;
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($" 序列化时间: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds:N0} ms");
Console.WriteLine($" 平均大小: {totalBytes / iterations:N0} bytes");
// 反序列化测试
var jsonData = JsonSerializer.Serialize(data);
sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
{
var deserializedData = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<Person>>(jsonData);
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($" 反序列化时间: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds:N0} ms");
Console.WriteLine();
}
static void TestReflectionSerialization(List<Person> data, int iterations)
{
Console.WriteLine("3. 反射序列化器:");
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
long totalBytes = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
{
using var ms = new MemoryStream();
foreach (var person in data)
{
ReflectionSerializer.Serialize(person, ms);
}
totalBytes += ms.Length;
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($" 序列化时间: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds:N0} ms");
Console.WriteLine($" 平均大小: {totalBytes / iterations:N0} bytes");
// 反序列化测试
var serializedData = new MemoryStream();
foreach (var person in data)
{
ReflectionSerializer.Serialize(person, serializedData);
}
var serializedBytes = serializedData.ToArray();
sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
{
using var ms = new MemoryStream(serializedBytes);
var deserializedData = new List<Person>();
while (ms.Position < ms.Length)
{
deserializedData.Add(ReflectionSerializer.Deserialize<Person>(ms));
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($" 反序列化时间: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds:N0} ms");
Console.WriteLine();
}
static void TestXmlSerialization(List<Person> data, int iterations)
{
Console.WriteLine("4. XML 序列化:");
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
long totalBytes = 0;
var serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Person>));
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
{
using var ms = new MemoryStream();
serializer.Serialize(ms, data);
totalBytes += ms.Length;
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($" 序列化时间: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds:N0} ms");
Console.WriteLine($" 平均大小: {totalBytes / iterations:N0} bytes");
// 反序列化测试
var xmlData = new MemoryStream();
serializer.Serialize(xmlData, data);
var xmlBytes = xmlData.ToArray();
sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
{
using var ms = new MemoryStream(xmlBytes);
var deserializedData = (List<Person>)serializer.Deserialize(ms);
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($" 反序列化时间: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds:N0} ms");
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
// 反射序列化器(用于对比)
public static class ReflectionSerializer
{
public static void Serialize<T>(T obj, Stream stream)
{
var bw = new BinaryWriter(stream, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8, true);
var type = typeof(T);
var properties = type.GetProperties();
foreach (var prop in properties)
{
var value = prop.GetValue(obj);
if (prop.PropertyType == typeof(int))
{
bw.Write((int)value);
}
else if (prop.PropertyType == typeof(float))
{
bw.Write((float)value);
}
else if (prop.PropertyType == typeof(string))
{
var str = (string)value;
if (str == null)
{
bw.Write(-1);
}
else
{
var bytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
bw.Write(bytes.Length);
bw.Write(bytes);
}
}
}
}
public static T Deserialize<T>(Stream stream) where T : new()
{
var br = new BinaryReader(stream, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8, true);
var obj = new T();
var type = typeof(T);
var properties = type.GetProperties();
foreach (var prop in properties)
{
if (prop.PropertyType == typeof(int))
{
prop.SetValue(obj, br.ReadInt32());
}
else if (prop.PropertyType == typeof(float))
{
prop.SetValue(obj, br.ReadSingle());
}
else if (prop.PropertyType == typeof(string))
{
int length = br.ReadInt32();
if (length == -1)
{
prop.SetValue(obj, null);
}
else
{
var bytes = br.ReadBytes(length);
prop.SetValue(obj, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes));
}
}
}
return obj;
}
}
}
让我们用真实测试验证效果(10万次序列化测试):
C#static void PerformanceTest()
{
const int iterations = 100_000;
var testData = GenerateTestData(1000);
// Source Generator序列化器
TestSourceGeneratorSerialization(testData, iterations);
// System.Text.Json
TestSystemTextJsonSerialization(testData, iterations);
// 反射序列化器
TestReflectionSerialization(testData, iterations);
}
核心优势总结:
C#// ❌ 错误:生成代码找不到类型
public static void Serialize(Person obj, Stream stream)
// ✅ 正确:使用完整类型名
public static void Serialize(AppSourceGeneratorsSerializer.Person obj, Stream stream)
XML<!-- ❌ 错误配置 -->
<ProjectReference Include="Generator.csproj" />
<!-- ✅ 正确配置 -->
<ProjectReference Include="Generator.csproj"
OutputItemType="Analyzer"
ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
当前实现支持:int
、float
、string
,可根据需要扩展更多类型。
通过Source Generators,我们成功打造了一款性能碾压传统方案的极速序列化器。三个核心收获:
金句分享:
💭 技术讨论:
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相关信息
通过网盘分享的文件:AppFastSerializerGenerator.zip 链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1O79ZGoN_P4TvOB_Wm3yfsg?pwd=y6ki 提取码: y6ki --来自百度网盘超级会员v9的分享
本文作者:技术老小子
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