摘要

C#是一种广泛使用的面向对象编程语言，XML序列化是C#编程中的一个重要概念。XML序列化是将对象的状态转换为XML格式的过程，以便于数据的传输和存储。C#提供了一个名为XmlSerializer的类来实现XML序列化和反序列化。

XmlSerializer类是C#中最常用的类之一，它可以将对象序列化为XML格式，也可以将XML格式的数据反序列化为对象。XmlSerializer类有许多方法可以使用，但其中最重要的两个方法是Serialize和Deserialize方法。

正文

我们先写一个Helper类

C#
public class XmlHelper
{

    /// <summary>
    /// 写文件
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj"></param>
    /// <param name="filename"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public bool Save(string filename)
    {
        try
        {
            if (File.Exists(filename))
            {
                File.Delete(filename);
            }
            FileStream stream = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create);
            XmlSerializer xml = new XmlSerializer(this.GetType());
            xml.Serialize(stream, this);
            stream.Close();
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 将文件转换为对像
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="filename"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static void Load<T>(ref T t, string filename)
    {
        if (!File.Exists(filename))
        {
            return;
        }
        FileStream stream = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);
        XmlSerializer xml = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
        t = (T)xml.Deserialize(stream);
        stream.Close();
    }
}

创建一个设备类

C#
[Serializable]
public class Equipment : XmlHelper
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public string Owner { get; set; }

    public List<Material> Materials { get; set; }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public int Period;
}

public class Material
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Qty { get; set; }
}

序列化与反序列化

C#
Equipment equipment;
private void init()
{
    equipment = new Equipment();
    equipment.Name = "设备1";
    equipment.Description = "这是一个测试设备";
    equipment.Owner = "张三";
    equipment.Materials = new List<Material>()
    {
        new Material()
        {
            Name="6ES001",
            Qty=1
        },
        new Material()
        {
            Name="6ES002",
            Qty=2
        },
    };
}

private void btnSerialize_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    equipment.Save("./x.xml");
}

private void btnDeserialize_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

    Equipment equipment1 = new Equipment();
    Equipment.Load(ref equipment1, "./x.xml");
}

注：对于用XML进行序列化的情况，[NonSerialized]特性不起作用，得用[XmlIgnore]