技术老小子
🚀 WPF多窗口开发实战：从入门到精通的完整指南
编辑
2025-10-02
C#
00

目录

🎯 为什么需要多窗口开发？
现实开发痛点
💡 核心技术解析
🔥 模态 vs 非模态窗口
🛠️ 窗口间通信的三种方式
1️⃣ 构造函数传参（单向传递）
2️⃣ 属性返回值（模态窗口返回数据）
3️⃣ 事件机制（实时通信）
🔧 完整实战代码
📋 主窗口核心代码
🎨 子窗口设计要点
模态窗口（数据收集）
非模态窗口（实时交互）
完整代码
MainWindow
SecondWindow
ThirdWindow
⚠️ 开发中的常见陷阱
🚨 内存泄漏风险
🚨 窗口层级管理
🚨 线程安全问题
🎯 高级应用场景
💼 企业级应用架构
🔄 窗口状态管理
🎁 收藏级代码模板
📝 通用窗口基类
🔗 窗口管理器
🎊 总结与展望

你是否还在为WPF应用中的窗口跳转而头疼？多个窗口之间如何优雅地传递数据？模态和非模态窗口有什么区别？其实这里与Winform基本一回事，这里讲的不是导航。作为一名C#开发者，掌握多窗口开发技巧是构建专业级桌面应用的必备技能。

今天，我将通过一个完整的实战项目，带你从零开始掌握WPF多窗口开发的所有核心技术。这不仅仅是理论讲解，而是一套可以直接应用到项目中的完整解决方案！

🎯 为什么需要多窗口开发？

现实开发痛点

在实际项目中，我们经常遇到这些场景：

  • 设置窗口：需要独立的配置界面
  • 数据录入：复杂表单需要分步骤完成
  • 信息展示：详情页面需要独立显示
  • 工具窗口：调试或辅助功能窗口

单窗口应用虽然简单，但用户体验往往不够友好，多窗口设计能带来更好的交互体验和功能分离。

💡 核心技术解析

🔥 模态 vs 非模态窗口

模态窗口（Modal）特点：

  • 阻塞父窗口操作
  • 必须处理完当前窗口才能继续
  • 适用于：确认对话框、设置页面、数据录入

非模态窗口（Modeless）特点：

  • 不阻塞父窗口
  • 可以同时操作多个窗口
  • 适用于：工具栏、实时监控、辅助功能
C#
// 模态窗口显示
SecondWindow modal = new SecondWindow();
bool? result = modal.ShowDialog(); // 阻塞执行

// 非模态窗口显示
ThirdWindow modeless = new ThirdWindow();
modeless.Show(); // 立即返回，不阻塞

🛠️ 窗口间通信的三种方式

1️⃣ 构造函数传参（单向传递）

C#
public SecondWindow(string userName)
{
    InitializeComponent();
    this.userName = userName;
    txtWelcome.Text = $"欢迎，{userName}！";
}

2️⃣ 属性返回值（模态窗口返回数据）

C#
public class SecondWindow : Window
{
    public string ReturnData { get; private set; } = "无数据";
    
    private void btnConfirm_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        ReturnData = "用户提交的数据";
        this.DialogResult = true; // 关键：设置返回值
    }
}

// 主窗口接收
bool? result = secondWindow.ShowDialog();
if (result == true)
{
    string data = secondWindow.ReturnData;
}

3️⃣ 事件机制（实时通信）

C#
public class ThirdWindow : Window
{
    public event EventHandler<string> DataReceived;
    
    private void SendMessage()
    {
        DataReceived?.Invoke(this, "来自子窗口的消息");
    }
}

// 主窗口订阅事件
thirdWindow.DataReceived += (sender, data) => {
    AddMessage($"接收到数据：{data}");
};

🔧 完整实战代码

📋 主窗口核心代码

C#
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    private List<Window> openWindows = new List<Window>();

    // 打开模态窗口
    private void btnOpenSecond_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        string userName = txtUserName.Text.Trim();
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userName))
        {
            MessageBox.Show("请先输入您的姓名！", "提示");
            return;
        }

        SecondWindow secondWindow = new SecondWindow(userName);
        secondWindow.Owner = this; // ⭐ 关键：设置父窗口
        
        bool? result = secondWindow.ShowDialog();
        if (result == true)
        {
            AddMessage($"接收到数据：{secondWindow.ReturnData}");
        }
    }

    // 打开非模态窗口
    private void btnOpenThird_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        ThirdWindow thirdWindow = new ThirdWindow(txtUserName.Text);
        thirdWindow.Owner = this;
        thirdWindow.DataReceived += (sender, data) => {
            AddMessage($"实时消息：{data}");
        };
        
        openWindows.Add(thirdWindow);
        thirdWindow.Show(); // 非阻塞显示
    }
}

🎨 子窗口设计要点

模态窗口（数据收集）

C#
public partial class SecondWindow : Window
{
    public string ReturnData { get; private set; }

    private void btnConfirm_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        // ⭐ 数据验证
        if (cmbProfession.SelectedItem == null)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("请选择职业！");
            return;
        }

        // ⭐ 收集并格式化数据
        ReturnData = BuildUserData();
        this.DialogResult = true; // 设置返回结果
    }

    private string BuildUserData()
    {
        var profession = ((ComboBoxItem)cmbProfession.SelectedItem).Content;
        var experience = (int)sliderExperience.Value;
        return $"职业: {profession}, 经验: {experience}年";
    }
}

非模态窗口（实时交互）

C#
public partial class ThirdWindow : Window
{
    public event EventHandler<string> DataReceived;
    private DispatcherTimer timer;

    public ThirdWindow(string userName)
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        InitializeTimer(); // ⭐ 初始化定时器
    }

    private void InitializeTimer()
    {
        timer = new DispatcherTimer
        {
            Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)
        };
        timer.Tick += (s, e) => {
            txtCurrentTime.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
        };
        timer.Start();
    }

    private void btnSendMessage_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        string message = txtMessage.Text.Trim();
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
        {
            DataReceived?.Invoke(this, message); // ⭐ 触发事件
            txtMessage.Clear();
        }
    }
}

完整代码

MainWindow

C#
<Window x:Class="AppWpfWindows.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:AppWpfWindows"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="620
        " Width="800">
    <Grid Margin="20">
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>

        <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Text="多窗口应用程序演示" 
                   FontSize="24" FontWeight="Bold" 
                   HorizontalAlignment="Center" 
                   Foreground="#2E8B57" Margin="0,0,0,20"/>

        <StackPanel Grid.Row="1" Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="0,10">
            <TextBlock Text="输入您的姓名：" VerticalAlignment="Center" 
                       FontSize="14" Width="100"/>
            <TextBox x:Name="txtUserName" Width="200" Height="30" 
                     FontSize="14" Padding="5"/>
        </StackPanel>

        <GroupBox Grid.Row="2" Header="窗口操作" Margin="0,20,0,10" 
                  FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#2E8B57">
            <StackPanel Margin="10">
                <Button x:Name="btnOpenSecond" Content="打开第二个窗口 (模态)" 
                        Height="35" Margin="5" FontSize="14"
                        Background="#87CEEB" BorderBrush="#4682B4"
                        Click="btnOpenSecond_Click"/>

                <Button x:Name="btnOpenThird" Content="打开第三个窗口 (非模态)" 
                        Height="35" Margin="5" FontSize="14"
                        Background="#98FB98" BorderBrush="#32CD32"
                        Click="btnOpenThird_Click"/>

                <Button x:Name="btnShowAllWindows" Content="显示所有打开的窗口" 
                        Height="35" Margin="5" FontSize="14"
                        Background="#F0E68C" BorderBrush="#DAA520"
                        Click="btnShowAllWindows_Click"/>
            </StackPanel>
        </GroupBox>

        <GroupBox Grid.Row="3" Header="消息日志" Margin="0,10" 
                  FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#2E8B57">
            <ScrollViewer Height="100" Margin="5">
                <TextBlock x:Name="txtMessages" FontSize="12" 
                           TextWrapping="Wrap" Foreground="#333"/>
            </ScrollViewer>
        </GroupBox>


        <TextBlock Grid.Row="4" x:Name="txtWindowInfo" 
                   FontSize="12" Foreground="#666" 
                   VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Margin="0,10"/>

        <Button Grid.Row="5" x:Name="btnExit" Content="退出应用程序" 
                Height="30" Width="120" 
                Background="#FFB6C1" BorderBrush="#DC143C"
                HorizontalAlignment="Right"
                Click="btnExit_Click"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>



C#
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace AppWpfWindows
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        private List<Window> openWindows = new List<Window>();

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.Loaded += MainWindow_Loaded;
            this.Closing += MainWindow_Closing;
        }

        private void MainWindow_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            AddMessage("主窗口已加载");
            UpdateWindowInfo();
        }

        private void MainWindow_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
        {
            // 关闭所有子窗口
            foreach (var window in openWindows.ToList())
            {
                if (window.IsLoaded)
                {
                    window.Close();
                }
            }
        }

        private void btnOpenSecond_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                string userName = txtUserName.Text.Trim();
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userName))
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("请先输入您的姓名！", "提示",
                                  MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Warning);
                    return;
                }

                SecondWindow secondWindow = new SecondWindow(userName);
                secondWindow.Owner = this; // 设置父窗口
                secondWindow.WindowClosed += SecondWindow_WindowClosed;

                openWindows.Add(secondWindow);
                AddMessage($"正在以模态方式打开第二个窗口，用户：{userName}");

                // 模态显示
                bool? result = secondWindow.ShowDialog();

                if (result == true)
                {
                    AddMessage("第二个窗口返回了确定结果");
                }
                else
                {
                    AddMessage("第二个窗口被取消或关闭");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show($"打开窗口时发生错误：{ex.Message}", "错误",
                              MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Error);
            }
        }

        private void btnOpenThird_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                string userName = txtUserName.Text.Trim();
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userName))
                {
                    userName = "匿名用户";
                }

                ThirdWindow thirdWindow = new ThirdWindow(userName);
                thirdWindow.Owner = this; // 设置父窗口
                thirdWindow.WindowClosed += ThirdWindow_WindowClosed;
                thirdWindow.DataReceived += ThirdWindow_DataReceived;

                openWindows.Add(thirdWindow);
                AddMessage($"正在以非模态方式打开第三个窗口，用户：{userName}");

                // 非模态显示
                thirdWindow.Show();

                UpdateWindowInfo();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show($"打开窗口时发生错误：{ex.Message}", "错误",
                              MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Error);
            }
        }

        private void btnShowAllWindows_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            var openWindowsList = openWindows.Where(w => w.IsLoaded).ToList();

            if (openWindowsList.Count == 0)
            {
                AddMessage("当前没有打开的子窗口");
                return;
            }

            string windowsList = string.Join("\n",
                openWindowsList.Select(w => $"- {w.Title} ({w.GetType().Name})"));

            MessageBox.Show($"当前打开的窗口：\n{windowsList}",
                          "窗口列表", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);

            AddMessage($"显示了 {openWindowsList.Count} 个打开的窗口信息");
        }

        private void btnExit_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (MessageBox.Show("确定要退出应用程序吗？", "确认退出",
                              MessageBoxButton.YesNo, MessageBoxImage.Question) == MessageBoxResult.Yes)
            {
                Application.Current.Shutdown();
            }
        }

        private void SecondWindow_WindowClosed(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (sender is SecondWindow window)
            {
                openWindows.Remove(window);
                AddMessage($"第二个窗口已关闭，返回数据：{window.ReturnData}");
                UpdateWindowInfo();
            }
        }

        private void ThirdWindow_WindowClosed(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (sender is ThirdWindow window)
            {
                openWindows.Remove(window);
                AddMessage("第三个窗口已关闭");
                UpdateWindowInfo();
            }
        }

        private void ThirdWindow_DataReceived(object sender, string data)
        {
            AddMessage($"从第三个窗口接收到数据：{data}");
        }

        private void AddMessage(string message)
        {
            string timeStamp = DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
            txtMessages.Text += $"[{timeStamp}] {message}\n";

            // 自动滚动到底部
            if (txtMessages.Parent is ScrollViewer scrollViewer)
            {
                scrollViewer.ScrollToBottom();
            }
        }

        private void UpdateWindowInfo()
        {
            var openCount = openWindows.Count(w => w.IsLoaded);
            txtWindowInfo.Text = $"窗口信息：主窗口 | 打开的子窗口数量：{openCount}";
        }
    }
}

SecondWindow

C#
<Window x:Class="AppWpfWindows.SecondWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:AppWpfWindows"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="SecondWindow" Height="500" Width="800">
    <Grid Margin="20">
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>

        <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" x:Name="txtWelcome" 
                   FontSize="18" FontWeight="Bold" 
                   HorizontalAlignment="Center" 
                   Foreground="#8B4513" Margin="0,0,0,15"/>

        <GroupBox Grid.Row="1" Header="数据输入" Margin="0,10" 
                  FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#8B4513">
            <StackPanel Margin="10">
                <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="0,5">
                    <TextBlock Text="选择您的职业：" Width="100" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
                    <ComboBox x:Name="cmbProfession" Width="200" Height="25">
                        <ComboBoxItem Content="软件工程师"/>
                        <ComboBoxItem Content="产品经理"/>
                        <ComboBoxItem Content="UI设计师"/>
                        <ComboBoxItem Content="测试工程师"/>
                        <ComboBoxItem Content="其他"/>
                    </ComboBox>
                </StackPanel>

                <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="0,5">
                    <TextBlock Text="工作经验：" Width="100" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
                    <Slider x:Name="sliderExperience" Width="150" Minimum="0" Maximum="20" 
                            Value="1" TickFrequency="1" IsSnapToTickEnabled="True"/>
                    <TextBlock x:Name="txtExperienceValue" Text="1 年" 
                               VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="10,0"/>
                </StackPanel>
            </StackPanel>
        </GroupBox>

        <GroupBox Grid.Row="2" Header="个人偏好" Margin="0,10" 
                  FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#8B4513">
            <StackPanel Margin="10">
                <CheckBox x:Name="chkNewsletter" Content="订阅技术通讯" Margin="0,3"/>
                <CheckBox x:Name="chkUpdates" Content="接收产品更新" Margin="0,3"/>
                <CheckBox x:Name="chkPromotions" Content="接收优惠信息" Margin="0,3"/>
            </StackPanel>
        </GroupBox>

        <GroupBox Grid.Row="3" Header="备注" Margin="0,10" 
                  FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#8B4513">
            <TextBox x:Name="txtComments" TextWrapping="Wrap" 
                     AcceptsReturn="True" Margin="5" 
                     VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto"/>
        </GroupBox>

        <StackPanel Grid.Row="4" Orientation="Horizontal" 
                    HorizontalAlignment="Right" Margin="0,15,0,0">
            <Button x:Name="btnConfirm" Content="确认" Width="80" Height="30" 
                    Margin="5" Background="#90EE90" BorderBrush="#32CD32"
                    Click="btnConfirm_Click"/>
            <Button x:Name="btnCancel" Content="取消" Width="80" Height="30" 
                    Margin="5" Background="#FFB6C1" BorderBrush="#DC143C"
                    Click="btnCancel_Click"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>


C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace AppWpfWindows
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for SecondWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class SecondWindow : Window
    {
        public event EventHandler WindowClosed;
        public string ReturnData { get; private set; } = "无数据";
        private string userName;

        public SecondWindow(string userName)
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.userName = userName;
            this.Loaded += SecondWindow_Loaded;
            this.Closing += SecondWindow_Closing;

            // 绑定滑块值变化事件
            sliderExperience.ValueChanged += SliderExperience_ValueChanged;
        }

        private void SecondWindow_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            txtWelcome.Text = $"欢迎，{userName}！";

            // 设置默认值
            cmbProfession.SelectedIndex = 0;
            UpdateExperienceDisplay();
        }

        private void SecondWindow_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
        {
            WindowClosed?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
        }

        private void SliderExperience_ValueChanged(object sender, RoutedPropertyChangedEventArgs<double> e)
        {
            UpdateExperienceDisplay();
        }

        private void UpdateExperienceDisplay()
        {
            if (txtExperienceValue != null)
            {
                int years = (int)sliderExperience.Value;
                txtExperienceValue.Text = $"{years} 年";
            }
        }

        private void btnConfirm_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                // 验证必要输入
                if (cmbProfession.SelectedItem == null)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("请选择您的职业！", "提示",
                                  MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Warning);
                    return;
                }

                // 收集数据
                var selectedProfession = ((ComboBoxItem)cmbProfession.SelectedItem).Content.ToString();
                var experience = (int)sliderExperience.Value;
                var preferences = new List<string>();

                if (chkNewsletter.IsChecked == true) preferences.Add("技术通讯");
                if (chkUpdates.IsChecked == true) preferences.Add("产品更新");
                if (chkPromotions.IsChecked == true) preferences.Add("优惠信息");

                var comments = txtComments.Text.Trim();

                // 构建返回数据
                ReturnData = $"职业: {selectedProfession}, " +
                           $"经验: {experience}年, " +
                           $"偏好: {string.Join(",", preferences)}" +
                           (string.IsNullOrEmpty(comments) ? "" : $", 备注: {comments}");

                // 显示确认信息
                var result = MessageBox.Show(
                    $"确认提交以下信息？\n\n{ReturnData}",
                    "确认信息",
                    MessageBoxButton.YesNo,
                    MessageBoxImage.Question);

                if (result == MessageBoxResult.Yes)
                {
                    this.DialogResult = true;
                    this.Close();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show($"处理数据时发生错误：{ex.Message}", "错误",
                              MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Error);
            }
        }

        private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            ReturnData = "用户取消操作";
            this.DialogResult = false;
            this.Close();
        }
    }
}

ThirdWindow

C#
<Window x:Class="AppWpfWindows.ThirdWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:AppWpfWindows"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="ThirdWindow" Height="500" Width="800">
    <Grid Margin="15">
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>

        <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" x:Name="txtTitle" 
                   FontSize="20" FontWeight="Bold" 
                   HorizontalAlignment="Center" 
                   Foreground="#4B0082" Margin="0,0,0,15"/>

        <GroupBox Grid.Row="1" Header="实时信息" Margin="0,5" 
                  FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#4B0082">
            <StackPanel Margin="10">
                <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="0,5">
                    <TextBlock Text="当前时间：" Width="80" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
                    <TextBlock x:Name="txtCurrentTime" FontSize="14" 
                               FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#8B008B"/>
                </StackPanel>

                <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="0,5">
                    <TextBlock Text="窗口状态：" Width="80" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
                    <TextBlock x:Name="txtWindowStatus" FontSize="12" 
                               Foreground="#8B008B"/>
                </StackPanel>
            </StackPanel>
        </GroupBox>

        <GroupBox Grid.Row="2" Header="消息中心" Margin="0,10" 
                  FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#4B0082">
            <Grid Margin="10">
                <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                    <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                    <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
                    <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                </Grid.RowDefinitions>

                <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Text="发送消息到主窗口：" Margin="0,0,0,5"/>

                <TextBox Grid.Row="1" x:Name="txtMessage" 
                         TextWrapping="Wrap" AcceptsReturn="True"
                         VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto"
                         FontSize="12" Margin="0,0,0,10"/>

                <StackPanel Grid.Row="2" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Right">
                    <Button x:Name="btnSendMessage" Content="发送消息" 
                            Width="80" Height="25" Margin="5,0"
                            Background="#DDA0DD" BorderBrush="#9370DB"
                            Click="btnSendMessage_Click"/>
                    <Button x:Name="btnClearMessage" Content="清除" 
                            Width="60" Height="25" Margin="5,0"
                            Background="#F0E68C" BorderBrush="#DAA520"
                            Click="btnClearMessage_Click"/>
                </StackPanel>
            </Grid>
        </GroupBox>

        <GroupBox Grid.Row="3" Header="窗口操作" Margin="0,10" 
                  FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#4B0082">
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="10" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
                <Button x:Name="btnMinimize" Content="最小化" 
                        Width="70" Height="25" Margin="5"
                        Background="#87CEEB" BorderBrush="#4682B4"
                        Click="btnMinimize_Click"/>
                <Button x:Name="btnToggleTopmost" Content="置顶切换" 
                        Width="70" Height="25" Margin="5"
                        Background="#98FB98" BorderBrush="#32CD32"
                        Click="btnToggleTopmost_Click"/>
                <Button x:Name="btnChangePosition" Content="改变位置" 
                        Width="70" Height="25" Margin="5"
                        Background="#F0E68C" BorderBrush="#DAA520"
                        Click="btnChangePosition_Click"/>
            </StackPanel>
        </GroupBox>

        <Button Grid.Row="4" x:Name="btnClose" Content="关闭窗口" 
                Width="100" Height="30" Margin="0,15,0,0"
                Background="#FFB6C1" BorderBrush="#DC143C"
                HorizontalAlignment="Right"
                Click="btnClose_Click"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>


C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Windows.Threading;

namespace AppWpfWindows
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for ThirdWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class ThirdWindow : Window
    {
        public event EventHandler WindowClosed;
        public event EventHandler<string> DataReceived;

        private DispatcherTimer timer;
        private string userName;
        private Random random = new Random();

        public ThirdWindow(string userName)
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.userName = userName;
            this.Loaded += ThirdWindow_Loaded;
            this.Closing += ThirdWindow_Closing;
            this.StateChanged += ThirdWindow_StateChanged;

            InitializeTimer();
        }

        private void ThirdWindow_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            txtTitle.Text = $"{userName} 的工作空间";
            UpdateWindowStatus();

            // 设置窗口初始位置（相对于父窗口偏移）
            if (this.Owner != null)
            {
                this.Left = this.Owner.Left + 50;
                this.Top = this.Owner.Top + 50;
            }

            timer.Start();
        }

        private void ThirdWindow_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
        {
            timer?.Stop();
            WindowClosed?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
        }

        private void ThirdWindow_StateChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            UpdateWindowStatus();
        }

        private void InitializeTimer()
        {
            timer = new DispatcherTimer
            {
                Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)
            };
            timer.Tick += Timer_Tick;
        }

        private void Timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            txtCurrentTime.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        }

        private void UpdateWindowStatus()
        {
            if (txtWindowStatus != null)
            {
                string status = this.WindowState switch
                {
                    WindowState.Normal => "正常",
                    WindowState.Minimized => "最小化",
                    WindowState.Maximized => "最大化",
                    _ => "未知"
                };

                string topmost = this.Topmost ? " | 置顶" : "";
                txtWindowStatus.Text = $"{status}{topmost}";
            }
        }

        private void btnSendMessage_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            string message = txtMessage.Text.Trim();
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
            {
                MessageBox.Show("请输入要发送的消息！", "提示",
                              MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Warning);
                return;
            }

            string fullMessage = $"[来自 {userName}]: {message}";
            DataReceived?.Invoke(this, fullMessage);

            MessageBox.Show("消息已发送到主窗口！", "成功",
                          MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);

            txtMessage.Clear();
        }

        private void btnClearMessage_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            txtMessage.Clear();
            txtMessage.Focus();
        }

        private void btnMinimize_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.WindowState = WindowState.Minimized;
        }

        private void btnToggleTopmost_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.Topmost = !this.Topmost;
            UpdateWindowStatus();

            string status = this.Topmost ? "已启用" : "已禁用";
            MessageBox.Show($"窗口置顶功能{status}", "窗口置顶",
                          MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
        }

        private void btnChangePosition_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 随机改变窗口位置
            double screenWidth = SystemParameters.PrimaryScreenWidth;
            double screenHeight = SystemParameters.PrimaryScreenHeight;

            double newLeft = random.Next(0, (int)(screenWidth - this.Width));
            double newTop = random.Next(0, (int)(screenHeight - this.Height));

            this.Left = newLeft;
            this.Top = newTop;

            MessageBox.Show($"窗口已移动到新位置\n坐标: ({newLeft:F0}, {newTop:F0})",
                          "位置变更", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
        }

        private void btnClose_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (MessageBox.Show("确定要关闭此窗口吗？", "确认关闭",
                              MessageBoxButton.YesNo, MessageBoxImage.Question) == MessageBoxResult.Yes)
            {
                this.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}

image.png

image.png

image.png

image.png

⚠️ 开发中的常见陷阱

🚨 内存泄漏风险

C#
// ❌ 错误做法：忘记移除事件订阅
thirdWindow.DataReceived += SomeHandler;

// ✅ 正确做法：窗口关闭时清理资源
private void ThirdWindow_Closing(object sender, CancelEventArgs e)
{
    timer?.Stop(); // 停止定时器
    DataReceived = null; // 清理事件订阅
}

🚨 窗口层级管理

C#
// ⭐ 设置父窗口，确保层级关系
secondWindow.Owner = this;

// ⭐ 应用关闭时清理所有子窗口
private void MainWindow_Closing(object sender, CancelEventArgs e)
{
    foreach (var window in openWindows.ToList())
    {
        if (window.IsLoaded) window.Close();
    }
}

🚨 线程安全问题

C#
// ⭐ UI更新必须在主线程执行
Dispatcher.Invoke(() => {
    txtMessages.Text += $"[{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}] {message}\n";
});

🎯 高级应用场景

💼 企业级应用架构

在实际项目中，多窗口开发常用于：

  • 模块化设计：每个功能独立窗口
  • 权限控制：根据用户角色显示不同窗口
  • 数据流管理：窗口间的数据同步和验证

🔄 窗口状态管理

C#
// 窗口状态持久化
public class WindowStateManager
{
    public static void SaveWindowState(Window window, string key)
    {
        Properties.Settings.Default[$"{key}_Left"] = window.Left;
        Properties.Settings.Default[$"{key}_Top"] = window.Top;
        Properties.Settings.Default[$"{key}_Width"] = window.Width;
        Properties.Settings.Default[$"{key}_Height"] = window.Height;
        Properties.Settings.Default.Save();
    }
    
    public static void RestoreWindowState(Window window, string key)
    {
        var left = Properties.Settings.Default[$"{key}_Left"];
        if (left is double leftValue) window.Left = leftValue;
        // ... 其他属性恢复
    }
}

🎁 收藏级代码模板

📝 通用窗口基类

C#
public abstract class BaseWindow : Window
{
    protected virtual void OnWindowLoaded()
    {
        this.Owner = Application.Current.MainWindow;
        this.WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.CenterOwner;
    }
    
    protected virtual void OnWindowClosing()
    {
        // 子类重写实现清理逻辑
    }
}

🔗 窗口管理器

C#
public static class WindowManager
{
    private static readonly Dictionary<Type, Window> _windows = new();
    
    public static T ShowSingle<T>() where T : Window, new()
    {
        if (_windows.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out var existing))
        {
            existing.Activate();
            return (T)existing;
        }
        
        var window = new T();
        _windows[typeof(T)] = window;
        window.Closed += (s, e) => _windows.Remove(typeof(T));
        window.Show();
        return window;
    }
}

🎊 总结与展望

通过本文的完整实战演示，我们掌握了WPF多窗口开发的三个核心要点：

  1. 🎯 窗口类型选择：根据使用场景选择模态或非模态窗口
  2. 🔄 数据通信机制：构造函数传参、属性返回、事件机制三种方式
  3. 🛡️ 资源管理策略：避免内存泄漏，正确处理窗口生命周期

掌握这些技术，你就能构建出用户体验优秀、架构清晰的桌面应用程序。在现代软件开发中，良好的多窗口设计不仅提升了用户体验，更体现了开发者的技术水准。

💡 思考题：

  1. 在你的项目中，如何设计窗口间的数据校验机制？
  2. 对于复杂的企业级应用，你会如何规划窗口的层级结构？

📚 延伸学习建议：

  • MVVM模式在多窗口中的应用
  • Prism框架的区域导航机制
  • WPF自定义控件开发

觉得这篇文章对你有帮助吗？请分享给更多需要的C#开发同行，让我们一起提升技术水平！🚀

🚀 WPF多窗口开发实战：从入门到精通的完整指南

相关信息

通过网盘分享的文件：AppWpfWindows.zip 链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1c7tqDJu9-yEaidHo6TV20g?pwd=wzn3 提取码: wzn3 --来自百度网盘超级会员v9的分享

本文作者:技术老小子

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