.NET Compiler Platform (Roslyn) SDK提供了强大的语法分析和转换功能。本文将介绍如何使用Roslyn进行代码转换,包括两种主要方法:
首先需要安装Visual Studio和.NET Compiler Platform SDK:
Roslyn的一个重要特性是不可变性(Immutability)。这意味着:
C#using System;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Syntax;
namespace AppRoslyn
{
internal class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// 添加静态方法引用或扩展方法
NameSyntax name = SyntaxFactory.IdentifierName("System");
// 创建限定名
name = SyntaxFactory.QualifiedName(name, SyntaxFactory.IdentifierName("Collections")); // System.Collections
// 继续构建
name = SyntaxFactory.QualifiedName(name, SyntaxFactory.IdentifierName("Generic")); // System.Collections.Generic
// 输出结果
Console.WriteLine(name.ToString());
// 额外演示:创建更复杂的命名空间
NameSyntax complexName = SyntaxFactory.QualifiedName(
SyntaxFactory.QualifiedName(
SyntaxFactory.QualifiedName(
SyntaxFactory.IdentifierName("Microsoft"),
SyntaxFactory.IdentifierName("CodeAnalysis")
),
SyntaxFactory.IdentifierName("CSharp")
),
SyntaxFactory.IdentifierName("Syntax")
);
Console.WriteLine(complexName.ToString());
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
C#using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Syntax;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Emit;
using System.IO;
namespace AppRoslyn
{
internal class Program
{
// 获取更全面的系统程序集引用
private static List<MetadataReference> GetComprehensiveReferences()
{
var references = new List<MetadataReference>();
// 获取当前应用程序域中已加载的程序集
var loadedAssemblies = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies();
// 添加常用的系统程序集
var systemAssemblyNames = new[]
{
"System.Runtime",
"System.Core",
"System.Linq",
"System.Collections",
"System.Console",
"netstandard"
};
// 尝试加载系统程序集引用
foreach (var assemblyName in systemAssemblyNames)
{
try
{
var assembly = Assembly.Load(assemblyName);
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(assembly.Location))
{
references.Add(MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(assembly.Location));
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
// 静默处理加载失败的程序集
}
}
// 添加已加载程序集的引用
foreach (var assembly in loadedAssemblies)
{
try
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(assembly.Location) &&
!references.Any(r => r.Display == assembly.Location))
{
references.Add(MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(assembly.Location));
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
// 静默处理可能的异常
}
}
return references;
}
public static SyntaxTree RefactorDeprecatedMethods(string sourceCode)
{
// 解析原始代码
SyntaxTree originalTree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(sourceCode);
CompilationUnitSyntax root = (CompilationUnitSyntax)originalTree.GetRoot();
// 自定义重构规则:将过时的方法调用替换为新的方法
var refactoredRoot = root.ReplaceNodes(
root.DescendantNodes().OfType<InvocationExpressionSyntax>(),
(originalNode, _) =>
{
// 示例:将 OldMethod() 替换为 NewMethod()
if (originalNode.Expression is IdentifierNameSyntax identifierName &&
identifierName.Identifier.Text == "OldMethod")
{
return SyntaxFactory.InvocationExpression(
SyntaxFactory.IdentifierName("NewMethod")
).WithTriviaFrom(originalNode);
}
return originalNode;
}
);
return CSharpSyntaxTree.Create((CompilationUnitSyntax)refactoredRoot);
}
public static object DynamicCompileAndExecute(string sourceCode)
{
// 重构代码
SyntaxTree refactoredTree = RefactorDeprecatedMethods(sourceCode);
string refactoredCode = refactoredTree.GetRoot().ToFullString();
// 准备引用 - 使用更全面的引用方法
var references = GetComprehensiveReferences();
// 创建编译选项
var compilationOptions = new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.ConsoleApplication)
.WithOptimizationLevel(OptimizationLevel.Release);
// 创建编译单元
var compilation = CSharpCompilation.Create("DynamicAssembly")
.AddReferences(references)
.AddSyntaxTrees(CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(refactoredCode))
.WithOptions(compilationOptions);
// 使用内存流编译
using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
{
// 执行编译
EmitResult result = compilation.Emit(ms);
// 处理编译错误
if (!result.Success)
{
var failures = result.Diagnostics.Where(diagnostic =>
diagnostic.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error);
foreach (var diagnostic in failures)
{
Console.WriteLine($"{diagnostic.Id}: {diagnostic.GetMessage()}");
Console.WriteLine($"{diagnostic.Location}");
}
throw new Exception("出错了");
}
// 加载程序集
ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
var assembly = Assembly.Load(ms.ToArray());
// 查找 Main 方法
var entryPoint = assembly.EntryPoint;
if (entryPoint == null)
{
throw new Exception("No entry point found");
}
// 创建类型实例(如果是静态方法,传 null)
object instance = entryPoint.IsStatic
? null
: Activator.CreateInstance(entryPoint.DeclaringType);
// 调用入口方法
return entryPoint.Invoke(instance, null);
}
}
public static object DynamicCompileAndExecuteWithoutModification(string sourceCode)
{
// 准备引用 - 使用更全面的引用方法
var references = GetComprehensiveReferences();
// 创建编译选项
var compilationOptions = new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.ConsoleApplication)
.WithOptimizationLevel(OptimizationLevel.Release);
// 创建编译单元
var compilation = CSharpCompilation.Create("DynamicAssembly")
.AddReferences(references)
.AddSyntaxTrees(CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(sourceCode))
.WithOptions(compilationOptions);
// 使用内存流编译
using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
{
// 执行编译
EmitResult result = compilation.Emit(ms);
// 处理编译错误
if (!result.Success)
{
var failures = result.Diagnostics.Where(diagnostic =>
diagnostic.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error);
foreach (var diagnostic in failures)
{
Console.WriteLine($"{diagnostic.Id}: {diagnostic.GetMessage()}");
Console.WriteLine($"{diagnostic.Location}");
}
throw new Exception("出错了!");
}
// 加载程序集
ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
var assembly = Assembly.Load(ms.ToArray());
// 查找 Main 方法
var entryPoint = assembly.EntryPoint;
if (entryPoint == null)
{
throw new Exception("No entry point found");
}
// 创建类型实例(如果是静态方法,传 null)
object instance = entryPoint.IsStatic
? null
: Activator.CreateInstance(entryPoint.DeclaringType);
// 调用入口方法
return entryPoint.Invoke(instance, null);
}
}
// 主方法
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
string sourceCode = @"
using System;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
OldMethod();
Console.WriteLine(""旧方法执行完成"");
int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
var evenNumbers = numbers.Where(n => n % 2 == 0).ToArray();
Console.WriteLine(""Even numbers: "" + string.Join("", "", evenNumbers));
}
static void OldMethod()
{
Console.WriteLine(""旧方法执行"");
}
static void NewMethod()
{
Console.WriteLine(""新方法执行"");
}
}";
try
{
// 不修改 OldMethod 的动态编译并执行
DynamicCompileAndExecuteWithoutModification(sourceCode);
DynamicCompileAndExecute(sourceCode);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Error: {ex.Message}");
Console.WriteLine(ex.StackTrace);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
Roslyn提供了强大而灵活的代码转换能力。通过Factory方法和SyntaxRewriter,我们可以实现从简单的语法替换到复杂的代码重构。理解不可变性原则和正确使用语义模型是成功实现代码转换的关键。
本文作者:技术老小子
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