你是否在开发桌面应用自动化测试时，面对复杂的界面元素定位而头疼？是否在处理不同控件交互时，总是找不到合适的方法？作为一名资深的C#开发者，我发现许多同行都在UI Automation的学习路上踩过这些坑：不理解UI自动化树结构、找不准控件元素、搞不清楚控件模式的使用场景。

今天这篇文章，我将带你深入理解UI Automation的四大核心概念，通过实战代码和真实场景，让你彻底掌握这些技术要点，从此告别"盲人摸象"式的开发模式！

💡 核心概念深度解析

🌳 UI Automation Tree：桌面应用的"DOM树"

什么是UI自动化树？

UI Automation Tree就像网页的DOM树一样，是Windows桌面应用程序界面元素的层次化表示。每个窗口、按钮、文本框都是这棵树上的一个节点，通过父子关系组织起来。

实战场景：定位计算器中的按钮

C#
using UIAutomationClient;

namespace AppAutomationTreeExample
{
    internal class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.OutputEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
            CUIAutomation8 automation = new CUIAutomation8();
            var desktop = automation.GetRootElement();

            var windowCondition = automation.CreateAndConditionFromArray(new[]
            {
                automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_NamePropertyId, "Calculator"),
                automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_WindowControlTypeId)
            });

            var calcWindow = desktop.FindFirst(TreeScope.TreeScope_Children, windowCondition);

            if (calcWindow != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"找到计算器窗口：{calcWindow.CurrentName}");

                // 🎯 分析整个UI树结构
                AnalyzeUITree(calcWindow, automation, 0, 5); // 最多5层深度
            }
        }

        // 🔥 递归分析UI树结构
        static void AnalyzeUITree(IUIAutomationElement element, CUIAutomation8 automation, int level, int maxLevel)
        {
            if (level > maxLevel) return;

            string indent = new string(' ', level * 2);
            string controlType = GetControlTypeName(element.CurrentControlType);

            Console.WriteLine($"{indent}├─ {element.CurrentName} ({controlType})");
            Console.WriteLine($"{indent}   AutomationId: {element.CurrentAutomationId}");
            Console.WriteLine($"{indent}   ClassName: {element.CurrentClassName}");

            // 查找所有子元素
            var children = element.FindAll(TreeScope.TreeScope_Children,
                automation.CreateTrueCondition());

            for (int i = 0; i < children.Length; i++)
            {
                AnalyzeUITree(children.GetElement(i), automation, level + 1, maxLevel);
            }
        }

        // 获取控件类型名称
        static string GetControlTypeName(int controlTypeId)
        {
            var controlTypes = new Dictionary<int, string>
            {
                { UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_ButtonControlTypeId, "Button" },
                { UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_WindowControlTypeId, "Window" },
                { UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_PaneControlTypeId, "Pane" },
                { UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_GroupControlTypeId, "Group" },
                { UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_TextControlTypeId, "Text" },
                { UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_EditControlTypeId, "Edit" }
            };

            return controlTypes.ContainsKey(controlTypeId) ? controlTypes[controlTypeId] : $"Unknown({controlTypeId})";
        }
    }
}

⚠️ 常见坑点提醒：

• TreeScope_Children只查找直接子元素，TreeScope_Descendants查找所有后代
• 不同应用程序的树结构差异很大，需要实际调试确认

🎯 AutomationElement：界面元素的抽象表示

核心理解：万物皆Element

AutomationElement是UI Automation的基础单元，每个界面控件都对应一个AutomationElement对象。它封装了控件的属性、支持的操作模式等信息。

实战代码：多种方式定位文本框

C#
using UIAutomationClient;

namespace AppAutomationTreeExample
{
    public class UIAutomationHelper
    {
        private readonly CUIAutomation8 _automation;

        public UIAutomationHelper()
        {
            _automation = new CUIAutomation8();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据应用程序名称查找窗口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="windowName">窗口名称</param>
        /// <returns>找到的窗口元素</returns>
        public IUIAutomationElement? FindWindowByName(string windowName)
        {
            var desktop = _automation.GetRootElement();
            var windowCondition = _automation.CreateAndConditionFromArray(new[]
            {
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_NamePropertyId, windowName),
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_WindowControlTypeId)
            });

            return desktop.FindFirst(TreeScope.TreeScope_Children, windowCondition);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据进程名称查找窗口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="processName">进程名称（不包含.exe）</param>
        /// <returns>找到的窗口元素</returns>
        public IUIAutomationElement? FindWindowByProcessName(string processName)
        {
            var desktop = _automation.GetRootElement();
            var allWindows = desktop.FindAll(TreeScope.TreeScope_Children,
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_WindowControlTypeId));

            for (int i = 0; i < allWindows.Length; i++)
            {
                var window = allWindows.GetElement(i);
                if (window.CurrentProcessId > 0)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        var process = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessById(window.CurrentProcessId);
                        if (process.ProcessName.Equals(processName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                        {
                            return window;
                        }
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                        // 进程可能已经结束，忽略异常
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 在指定窗口中查找所有 TextBox 控件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="window">窗口元素</param>
        /// <returns>TextBox 控件列表</returns>
        public List<TextBoxInfo> FindAllTextBoxes(IUIAutomationElement window)
        {
            var textBoxes = new List<TextBoxInfo>();

            var editCondition = _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_EditControlTypeId);

            var foundElements = window.FindAll(TreeScope.TreeScope_Descendants, editCondition);

            for (int i = 0; i < foundElements.Length; i++)
            {
                var element = foundElements.GetElement(i);
                textBoxes.Add(new TextBoxInfo
                {
                    Element = element,
                    Name = element.CurrentName ?? "",
                    AutomationId = element.CurrentAutomationId ?? "",
                    ClassName = element.CurrentClassName ?? "",
                    Value = GetElementValue(element),
                    IsEnabled = element.CurrentIsEnabled>0,
                    IsVisible = element.CurrentIsOffscreen>0
                });
            }

            return textBoxes;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据 AutomationId 查找 TextBox
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="window">窗口元素</param>
        /// <param name="automationId">AutomationId</param>
        /// <returns>找到的 TextBox 信息</returns>
        public TextBoxInfo? FindTextBoxByAutomationId(IUIAutomationElement window, string automationId)
        {
            var condition = _automation.CreateAndConditionFromArray(new[]
            {
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_EditControlTypeId),
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_AutomationIdPropertyId, automationId)
            });

            var element = window.FindFirst(TreeScope.TreeScope_Descendants, condition);

            if (element != null)
            {
                return new TextBoxInfo
                {
                    Element = element,
                    Name = element.CurrentName ?? "",
                    AutomationId = element.CurrentAutomationId ?? "",
                    ClassName = element.CurrentClassName ?? "",
                    Value = GetElementValue(element),
                    IsEnabled = element.CurrentIsEnabled>0,
                    IsVisible = element.CurrentIsOffscreen>0
                };
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据名称查找 TextBox
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="window">窗口元素</param>
        /// <param name="name">TextBox 名称</param>
        /// <returns>找到的 TextBox 信息</returns>
        public TextBoxInfo? FindTextBoxByName(IUIAutomationElement window, string name)
        {
            var condition = _automation.CreateAndConditionFromArray(new[]
            {
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_EditControlTypeId),
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_NamePropertyId, name)
            });

            var element = window.FindFirst(TreeScope.TreeScope_Descendants, condition);

            if (element != null)
            {
                return new TextBoxInfo
                {
                    Element = element,
                    Name = element.CurrentName ?? "",
                    AutomationId = element.CurrentAutomationId ?? "",
                    ClassName = element.CurrentClassName ?? "",
                    Value = GetElementValue(element),
                    IsEnabled = element.CurrentIsEnabled>0,
                    IsVisible = element.CurrentIsOffscreen>0
                };
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据类名查找 TextBox
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="window">窗口元素</param>
        /// <param name="className">类名</param>
        /// <returns>找到的 TextBox 信息列表</returns>
        public List<TextBoxInfo> FindTextBoxesByClassName(IUIAutomationElement window, string className)
        {
            var textBoxes = new List<TextBoxInfo>();

            var condition = _automation.CreateAndConditionFromArray(new[]
            {
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_EditControlTypeId),
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ClassNamePropertyId, className)
            });

            var foundElements = window.FindAll(TreeScope.TreeScope_Descendants, condition);

            for (int i = 0; i < foundElements.Length; i++)
            {
                var element = foundElements.GetElement(i);
                textBoxes.Add(new TextBoxInfo
                {
                    Element = element,
                    Name = element.CurrentName ?? "",
                    AutomationId = element.CurrentAutomationId ?? "",
                    ClassName = element.CurrentClassName ?? "",
                    Value = GetElementValue(element),
                    IsEnabled = element.CurrentIsEnabled>0,
                    IsVisible = element.CurrentIsOffscreen>0
                });
            }

            return textBoxes;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 设置 TextBox 的值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="textBoxInfo">TextBox 信息</param>
        /// <param name="value">要设置的值</param>
        /// <returns>是否设置成功</returns>
        public bool SetTextBoxValue(TextBoxInfo textBoxInfo, string value)
        {
            try
            {
                var valuePattern = textBoxInfo.Element.GetCurrentPattern(UIA_PatternIds.UIA_ValuePatternId) as IUIAutomationValuePattern;
                if (valuePattern != null)
                {
                    valuePattern.SetValue(value);
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取元素的值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="element">UI 元素</param>
        /// <returns>元素值</returns>
        private string GetElementValue(IUIAutomationElement element)
        {
            try
            {
                var valuePattern = element.GetCurrentPattern(UIA_PatternIds.UIA_ValuePatternId) as IUIAutomationValuePattern;
                return valuePattern?.CurrentValue ?? "";
            }
            catch
            {
                return "";
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// TextBox 信息类
    /// </summary>
    public class TextBoxInfo
    {
        public IUIAutomationElement Element { get; set; } = null!;
        public string Name { get; set; } = "";
        public string AutomationId { get; set; } = "";
        public string ClassName { get; set; } = "";
        public string Value { get; set; } = "";
        public bool IsEnabled { get; set; }
        public bool IsVisible { get; set; }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return $"Name: {Name}, AutomationId: {AutomationId}, Value: '{Value}', Enabled: {IsEnabled}, Visible: {IsVisible}";
        }
    }
}

C#
private static void Test1()
{
    Console.OutputEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
    CUIAutomation8 automation = new CUIAutomation8();
    var desktop = automation.GetRootElement();

    var windowCondition = automation.CreateAndConditionFromArray(new[]
    {
        automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
            UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_NamePropertyId, "Calculator"),
        automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
            UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
            UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_WindowControlTypeId)
    });

    var calcWindow = desktop.FindFirst(TreeScope.TreeScope_Children, windowCondition);

    if (calcWindow != null)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"找到计算器窗口：{calcWindow.CurrentName}");

        // 🎯 分析整个UI树结构
        AnalyzeUITree(calcWindow, automation, 0, 5); // 最多5层深度
    }
}

💡 最佳实践技巧：

C#
using UIAutomationClient;

namespace AppAutomationTreeExample
{
    public class UIAutomationHelper
    {
        private readonly CUIAutomation8 _automation;

        public UIAutomationHelper()
        {
            _automation = new CUIAutomation8();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据应用程序名称查找窗口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="windowName">窗口名称</param>
        /// <returns>找到的窗口元素</returns>
        public IUIAutomationElement? FindWindowByName(string windowName)
        {
            var desktop = _automation.GetRootElement();
            var windowCondition = _automation.CreateAndConditionFromArray(new[]
            {
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_NamePropertyId, windowName),
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_WindowControlTypeId)
            });

            return desktop.FindFirst(TreeScope.TreeScope_Children, windowCondition);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据进程名称查找窗口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="processName">进程名称（不包含.exe）</param>
        /// <returns>找到的窗口元素</returns>
        public IUIAutomationElement? FindWindowByProcessName(string processName)
        {
            var desktop = _automation.GetRootElement();
            var allWindows = desktop.FindAll(TreeScope.TreeScope_Children,
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_WindowControlTypeId));

            for (int i = 0; i < allWindows.Length; i++)
            {
                var window = allWindows.GetElement(i);
                if (window.CurrentProcessId > 0)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        var process = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessById(window.CurrentProcessId);
                        if (process.ProcessName.Equals(processName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                        {
                            return window;
                        }
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                        // 进程可能已经结束，忽略异常
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 在指定窗口中查找所有 TextBox 控件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="window">窗口元素</param>
        /// <returns>TextBox 控件列表</returns>
        public List<TextBoxInfo> FindAllTextBoxes(IUIAutomationElement window)
        {
            var textBoxes = new List<TextBoxInfo>();

            var editCondition = _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_EditControlTypeId);

            var foundElements = window.FindAll(TreeScope.TreeScope_Descendants, editCondition);

            for (int i = 0; i < foundElements.Length; i++)
            {
                var element = foundElements.GetElement(i);
                textBoxes.Add(new TextBoxInfo
                {
                    Element = element,
                    Name = element.CurrentName ?? "",
                    AutomationId = element.CurrentAutomationId ?? "",
                    ClassName = element.CurrentClassName ?? "",
                    Value = GetElementValue(element),
                    IsEnabled = element.CurrentIsEnabled>0,
                    IsVisible = element.CurrentIsOffscreen>0
                });
            }

            return textBoxes;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据 AutomationId 查找 TextBox
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="window">窗口元素</param>
        /// <param name="automationId">AutomationId</param>
        /// <returns>找到的 TextBox 信息</returns>
        public TextBoxInfo? FindTextBoxByAutomationId(IUIAutomationElement window, string automationId)
        {
            var condition = _automation.CreateAndConditionFromArray(new[]
            {
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_EditControlTypeId),
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_AutomationIdPropertyId, automationId)
            });

            var element = window.FindFirst(TreeScope.TreeScope_Descendants, condition);

            if (element != null)
            {
                return new TextBoxInfo
                {
                    Element = element,
                    Name = element.CurrentName ?? "",
                    AutomationId = element.CurrentAutomationId ?? "",
                    ClassName = element.CurrentClassName ?? "",
                    Value = GetElementValue(element),
                    IsEnabled = element.CurrentIsEnabled>0,
                    IsVisible = element.CurrentIsOffscreen>0
                };
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据名称查找 TextBox
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="window">窗口元素</param>
        /// <param name="name">TextBox 名称</param>
        /// <returns>找到的 TextBox 信息</returns>
        public TextBoxInfo? FindTextBoxByName(IUIAutomationElement window, string name)
        {
            var condition = _automation.CreateAndConditionFromArray(new[]
            {
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_EditControlTypeId),
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_NamePropertyId, name)
            });

            var element = window.FindFirst(TreeScope.TreeScope_Descendants, condition);

            if (element != null)
            {
                return new TextBoxInfo
                {
                    Element = element,
                    Name = element.CurrentName ?? "",
                    AutomationId = element.CurrentAutomationId ?? "",
                    ClassName = element.CurrentClassName ?? "",
                    Value = GetElementValue(element),
                    IsEnabled = element.CurrentIsEnabled>0,
                    IsVisible = element.CurrentIsOffscreen>0
                };
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据类名查找 TextBox
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="window">窗口元素</param>
        /// <param name="className">类名</param>
        /// <returns>找到的 TextBox 信息列表</returns>
        public List<TextBoxInfo> FindTextBoxesByClassName(IUIAutomationElement window, string className)
        {
            var textBoxes = new List<TextBoxInfo>();

            var condition = _automation.CreateAndConditionFromArray(new[]
            {
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId,
                    UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_EditControlTypeId),
                _automation.CreatePropertyCondition(
                    UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ClassNamePropertyId, className)
            });

            var foundElements = window.FindAll(TreeScope.TreeScope_Descendants, condition);

            for (int i = 0; i < foundElements.Length; i++)
            {
                var element = foundElements.GetElement(i);
                textBoxes.Add(new TextBoxInfo
                {
                    Element = element,
                    Name = element.CurrentName ?? "",
                    AutomationId = element.CurrentAutomationId ?? "",
                    ClassName = element.CurrentClassName ?? "",
                    Value = GetElementValue(element),
                    IsEnabled = element.CurrentIsEnabled>0,
                    IsVisible = element.CurrentIsOffscreen>0
                });
            }

            return textBoxes;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 设置 TextBox 的值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="textBoxInfo">TextBox 信息</param>
        /// <param name="value">要设置的值</param>
        /// <returns>是否设置成功</returns>
        public bool SetTextBoxValue(TextBoxInfo textBoxInfo, string value)
        {
            try
            {
                var valuePattern = textBoxInfo.Element.GetCurrentPattern(UIA_PatternIds.UIA_ValuePatternId) as IUIAutomationValuePattern;
                if (valuePattern != null)
                {
                    valuePattern.SetValue(value);
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取元素的值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="element">UI 元素</param>
        /// <returns>元素值</returns>
        private string GetElementValue(IUIAutomationElement element)
        {
            try
            {
                var valuePattern = element.GetCurrentPattern(UIA_PatternIds.UIA_ValuePatternId) as IUIAutomationValuePattern;
                return valuePattern?.CurrentValue ?? "";
            }
            catch
            {
                return "";
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// TextBox 信息类
    /// </summary>
    public class TextBoxInfo
    {
        public IUIAutomationElement Element { get; set; } = null!;
        public string Name { get; set; } = "";
        public string AutomationId { get; set; } = "";
        public string ClassName { get; set; } = "";
        public string Value { get; set; } = "";
        public bool IsEnabled { get; set; }
        public bool IsVisible { get; set; }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return $"Name: {Name}, AutomationId: {AutomationId}, Value: '{Value}', Enabled: {IsEnabled}, Visible: {IsVisible}";
        }
    }
}

C#
private static void Test3()
{
    Console.OutputEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;

    // 获取桌面  
    var desktop = ElementFinder.GetDesktop();

    // 查找计算器窗口  
    var calcWindow = ElementFinder.FindByNameAndControlType(
        desktop, "Calculator", UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_WindowControlTypeId, 3000);

    if (calcWindow != null)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"找到计算器窗口：{calcWindow.CurrentName}");
        Console.WriteLine();

        // 示例1：查找所有按钮  
        var buttons = ElementFinder.FindByControlType(calcWindow, UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_ButtonControlTypeId);
        Console.WriteLine($"找到 {buttons?.Length ?? 0} 个按钮");

        // 示例2：查找特定按钮  
        var button1 = ElementFinder.FindButton(calcWindow, "One");
        if (button1 != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"找到按钮1: {ElementFinder.GetElementInfo(button1)}");
        }

        // 示例3：查找所有文本框  
        var textBoxes = ElementFinder.FindAllTextBoxes(calcWindow);
        if (textBoxes != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"找到 {textBoxes.Length} 个文本框:");
            for (int i = 0; i < textBoxes.Length; i++)
            {
                var textBox = textBoxes.GetElement(i);
                Console.WriteLine($"  - {ElementFinder.GetElementInfo(textBox)}");
            }
        }

        // 示例4：等待元素出现  
        Console.WriteLine("\n等待结果显示...");
        var resultCondition = ElementFinder.CreateCondition(
            UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_AutomationIdPropertyId, "CalculatorResults");
        bool appeared = ElementFinder.WaitForElement(calcWindow, resultCondition, 2000);
        Console.WriteLine($"结果元素出现: {appeared}");

        // 示例5：查找可见元素  
        var visibleButton = ElementFinder.FindVisibleElement(calcWindow,
            ElementFinder.CreateCondition(UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId, UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_ButtonControlTypeId));
        if (visibleButton != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"找到可见按钮: {ElementFinder.GetElementInfo(visibleButton)}");
        }

        // 示例6：调试查找  
        Console.WriteLine("\n=== 调试信息 ===");
        var debugCondition = ElementFinder.CreateCondition(
            UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId, UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_ButtonControlTypeId);
        var debugInfo = ElementFinder.DebugFindAll(calcWindow, debugCondition, 50);
        Console.WriteLine(debugInfo);

        // 示例7：组合条件查找
        var conditions = new IUIAutomationCondition[]
        {
            ElementFinder.CreateCondition(UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId, UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_ButtonControlTypeId),
            ElementFinder.CreateCondition(UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_NamePropertyId, "Equals")
        };
        var equalButton = ElementFinder.FindByAndConditions(calcWindow, conditions);
        if (equalButton != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"找到等号按钮: {ElementFinder.GetElementInfo(equalButton)}");
        }

        // 示例8：按索引查找
        var buttonCondition = ElementFinder.CreateCondition(
            UIA_PropertyIds.UIA_ControlTypePropertyId, UIA_ControlTypeIds.UIA_ButtonControlTypeId);
        var thirdButton = ElementFinder.FindElementByIndex(calcWindow, buttonCondition, 2);
        if (thirdButton != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"第3个按钮: {ElementFinder.GetElementInfo(thirdButton)}");
        }
    }
    else
    {
        Console.WriteLine("未找到计算器窗口，请确保计算器应用程序正在运行。");
    }

    Console.WriteLine("\n按任意键退出...");
    Console.ReadKey();

}

🤔 互动思考

看完这篇深度解析，你有没有想过：

1. 在你的项目中，哪种元素定位方式最稳定可靠？
2. 如何设计一个更通用的控件模式处理策略？

欢迎在评论区分享你的UI自动化实战经验，或者遇到的技术难题，我会第一时间回复大家！

✨ 核心要点总结

通过今天的深度讲解，我们掌握了UI Automation的四大核心概念：

🌳 UI自动化树：理解了界面元素的层次化组织方式，学会了高效的元素遍历和定位策略

🎯 自动化元素：掌握了多种可靠的元素查找方法，特别是组合条件定位和超时处理的最佳实践

🎮 控件模式：深入理解了不同控件类型的交互方式，学会了智能化的模式检测和处理

这四个概念就像是UI自动化开发的"四大基石"，只有牢固掌握它们，才能在复杂的桌面应用自动化项目中游刃有余。记住：理论结合实践，多调试多总结，你的UI Automation技能必将更上一层楼！

觉得这篇文章对你有帮助的话，请转发给更多需要的同行，让我们一起提升C#开发技能！ 🚀