技术老小子
C# 使用LiteDB 实现设备运行状态追踪系统
2025-11-09
LiteDB
00

目录

环境准备
项目实现
数据模型设计
数据访问层实现
业务逻辑层实现
3.4 使用示例
总结

本文将详细介绍如何使用C#和LiteDB实现一个设备运行状态追踪系统。该系统可以记录和监控设备的运行状态、故障信息以及维护记录等数据。LiteDB是一个轻量级的NoSQL数据库，完全基于.NET实现，非常适合小型应用程序和嵌入式系统。

环境准备

  • Visual Studio 2022
  • .NET 6.0 或更高版本
  • NuGet包：
    • LiteDB

image.png

项目实现

数据模型设计

首先，我们需要定义几个核心的数据模型：

C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using LiteDB;

namespace App17.Models
{
    // 设备信息模型
    public class Device
    {
        [BsonId] // 设置主键
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string DeviceName { get; set; }
        public string SerialNumber { get; set; }
        public DateTime InstallationDate { get; set; }
        public string Location { get; set; }
        public bool IsActive { get; set; }
    }
}


C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using LiteDB;

namespace App17.Models
{
    // 设备状态记录模型
    public class DeviceStatus
    {
        [BsonId]
        public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
        public int DeviceId { get; set; }
        public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; }
        public string Status { get; set; }  // Running, Idle, Error, Maintenance
        public double Temperature { get; set; }
        public double PowerConsumption { get; set; }
        public string ErrorCode { get; set; }
    }
}


C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using LiteDB;

namespace App17.Models
{
    // 维护记录模型
    public class MaintenanceRecord
    {
        [BsonId]
        public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
        public int DeviceId { get; set; }
        public DateTime MaintenanceDate { get; set; }
        public string MaintenanceType { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
        public string Technician { get; set; }
        public decimal Cost { get; set; }
    }
}

数据访问层实现

创建一个数据访问类来处理与LiteDB的交互：

C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using App17.Models;
using LiteDB;

namespace App17.Data
{
    public class DeviceDataAccess : IDisposable
    {
        private readonly LiteDatabase _db;
        private readonly string _dbPath;

        public DeviceDataAccess(string dbPath = "DeviceTracking.db")
        {
            _dbPath = dbPath;
            _db = new LiteDatabase(_dbPath);
        }

        // 添加新设备
        public int AddDevice(Device device)
        {
            var collection = _db.GetCollection<Device>("devices");
            collection.Insert(device);
            return device.Id;
        }

        // 记录设备状态
        public void RecordDeviceStatus(DeviceStatus status)
        {
            var collection = _db.GetCollection<DeviceStatus>("device_status");
            collection.Insert(status);
        }

        // 添加维护记录
        public void AddMaintenanceRecord(MaintenanceRecord record)
        {
            var collection = _db.GetCollection<MaintenanceRecord>("maintenance_records");
            collection.Insert(record);
        }

        // 获取设备最新状态
        public DeviceStatus GetLatestDeviceStatus(int deviceId)
        {
            var collection = _db.GetCollection<DeviceStatus>("device_status");
            return collection.Find(x => x.DeviceId == deviceId)
                           .OrderByDescending(x => x.Timestamp)
                           .FirstOrDefault();
        }

        // 获取设备维护历史
        public IEnumerable<MaintenanceRecord> GetDeviceMaintenanceHistory(int deviceId)
        {
            var collection = _db.GetCollection<MaintenanceRecord>("maintenance_records");
            return collection.Find(x => x.DeviceId == deviceId)
                           .OrderByDescending(x => x.MaintenanceDate);
        }

        // 获取所有活跃设备
        public IEnumerable<Device> GetActiveDevices()
        {
            var collection = _db.GetCollection<Device>("devices");
            return collection.Find(x => x.IsActive);
        }

        // 更新设备信息
        public bool UpdateDevice(Device device)
        {
            var collection = _db.GetCollection<Device>("devices");
            return collection.Update(device);
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            _db?.Dispose();
        }
    }
}

业务逻辑层实现

创建一个设备管理服务类来处理业务逻辑：

C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using App17.Data;
using App17.Models;

namespace App17.Services
{
    public class DeviceManagementService
    {
        private readonly DeviceDataAccess _dataAccess;

        public DeviceManagementService(string dbPath = "DeviceTracking.db")
        {
            _dataAccess = new DeviceDataAccess(dbPath);
        }

        // 注册新设备
        public int RegisterDevice(string deviceName, string serialNumber, string location)
        {
            var device = new Device
            {
                DeviceName = deviceName,
                SerialNumber = serialNumber,
                Location = location,
                InstallationDate = DateTime.Now,
                IsActive = true
            };

            return _dataAccess.AddDevice(device);
        }

        // 更新设备状态
        public void UpdateDeviceStatus(int deviceId, double temperature, double powerConsumption, string status, string errorCode = null)
        {
            var deviceStatus = new DeviceStatus
            {
                DeviceId = deviceId,
                Timestamp = DateTime.Now,
                Temperature = temperature,
                PowerConsumption = powerConsumption,
                Status = status,
                ErrorCode = errorCode
            };

            _dataAccess.RecordDeviceStatus(deviceStatus);
        }

        // 记录维护工作
        public void RecordMaintenance(int deviceId, string maintenanceType, string description, string technician, decimal cost)
        {
            var maintenance = new MaintenanceRecord
            {
                DeviceId = deviceId,
                MaintenanceDate = DateTime.Now,
                MaintenanceType = maintenanceType,
                Description = description,
                Technician = technician,
                Cost = cost
            };

            _dataAccess.AddMaintenanceRecord(maintenance);
        }

        // 获取设备状态报告
        public DeviceStatusReport GetDeviceReport(int deviceId)
        {
            var device = _dataAccess.GetActiveDevices().FirstOrDefault(d => d.Id == deviceId);
            if (device == null) return null;

            var latestStatus = _dataAccess.GetLatestDeviceStatus(deviceId);
            var maintenanceHistory = _dataAccess.GetDeviceMaintenanceHistory(deviceId).Take(5);

            return new DeviceStatusReport
            {
                Device = device,
                CurrentStatus = latestStatus,
                RecentMaintenance = maintenanceHistory.ToList()
            };
        }
    }

    // 设备状态报告类
    public class DeviceStatusReport
    {
        public Device Device { get; set; }
        public DeviceStatus CurrentStatus { get; set; }
        public List<MaintenanceRecord> RecentMaintenance { get; set; }
    }
}

3.4 使用示例

下面是一个完整的使用示例：

C#
using DeviceStatusTracking.Services;

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // 创建设备管理服务实例
        var deviceService = new DeviceManagementService();

        try
        {
            // 注册新设备
            int deviceId = deviceService.RegisterDevice(
                deviceName: "生产线机器人-A1",
                serialNumber: "ROB-2024-001",
                location: "生产车间1号"
            );

            Console.WriteLine($"设备注册成功，ID: {deviceId}");

            // 模拟设备状态更新
            deviceService.UpdateDeviceStatus(
                deviceId: deviceId,
                temperature: 45.5,
                powerConsumption: 2.8,
                status: "Running"
            );

            // 模拟记录维护工作
            deviceService.RecordMaintenance(
                deviceId: deviceId,
                maintenanceType: "定期保养",
                description: "更换润滑油，检查传动部件",
                technician: "张工",
                cost: 500.00M
            );

            // 获取设备状态报告
            var report = deviceService.GetDeviceReport(deviceId);
            
            // 打印报告
            if (report != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("\n设备状态报告:");
                Console.WriteLine($"设备名称: {report.Device.DeviceName}");
                Console.WriteLine($"当前状态: {report.CurrentStatus.Status}");
                Console.WriteLine($"温度: {report.CurrentStatus.Temperature}°C");
                Console.WriteLine($"功耗: {report.CurrentStatus.PowerConsumption}kW");
                
                Console.WriteLine("\n最近维护记录:");
                foreach (var maintenance in report.RecentMaintenance)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"日期: {maintenance.MaintenanceDate:yyyy-MM-dd}");
                    Console.WriteLine($"类型: {maintenance.MaintenanceType}");
                    Console.WriteLine($"描述: {maintenance.Description}");
                    Console.WriteLine($"技术员: {maintenance.Technician}");
                    Console.WriteLine($"费用: ¥{maintenance.Cost}");
                    Console.WriteLine();
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"发生错误: {ex.Message}");
        }
    }
}

image.png

总结

本文介绍的设备运行状态追踪系统使用LiteDB实现了一个完整的设备管理解决方案。系统具有良好的可扩展性和维护性，适合小型工厂或实验室使用。通过合理的架构设计和数据模型，系统可以方便地进行功能扩展和定制化开发。

本文作者:技术老小子

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