WinForm到WPF的蜕变：TextBox控件深度应用指南

随着.NET技术的不断发展，越来越多的开发者正在将应用程序从传统的WinForm迁移到更现代化的WPF（Windows Presentation Foundation）框架。这种转变不仅是技术栈的更新，更是UI开发理念的革新。本文将通过TextBox控件这一常用元素，深入剖析WinForm到WPF的转型过程，为正在或即将进行技术迁移的开发者提供实用指南。

为什么从WinForm迁移到WPF？

界面设计的革命性变化

WPF采用XAML（可扩展应用标记语言）来描述用户界面，这种声明式的UI设计方式为开发者提供了前所未有的灵活性：

C#
<!-- WPF中使用XAML定义UI -->
<Grid>
    <TextBox x:Name="txtInput" Width="200" Height="30" />
</Grid>

相比之下，WinForm的界面设计主要依赖于设计器生成的代码：

C#
// WinForm中通过代码定义UI
this.txtInput = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.txtInput.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
this.txtInput.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 20);
this.Controls.Add(this.txtInput);

数据绑定的强大优势

WPF的数据绑定机制远超WinForm，可以轻松实现UI与数据的自动同步：

C#
<!-- XAML中的数据绑定 -->
<TextBox Text="{Binding UserName, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" />

更现代的图形渲染

WPF基于DirectX，提供硬件加速的2D和3D图形渲染，界面表现力大幅提升。

TextBox控件：从WinForm到WPF的具体对比

基础创建与属性设置

WinForm中的TextBox

C#
// WinForm中创建TextBox
TextBox txtName = new TextBox();
txtName.Location = new Point(20, 20);
txtName.Size = new Size(200, 20);
txtName.Text = "请输入姓名";
txtName.Font = new Font("微软雅黑", 10F);
this.Controls.Add(txtName);

WPF中的TextBox

XML
<!-- WPF中创建TextBox -->
<TextBox x:Name="txtName" 
         Width="200" 
         Height="30" 
         Margin="20" 
         Text="请输入姓名" 
         FontFamily="微软雅黑" 
         FontSize="12" />

多行文本支持对比

WinForm实现多行文本

C#
TextBox txtComments = new TextBox();
txtComments.Multiline = true;
txtComments.ScrollBars = ScrollBars.Vertical;
txtComments.Size = new Size(300, 100);

WPF实现多行文本

XML
<TextBox x:Name="txtComments" 
         Height="100" 
         Width="300"
         TextWrapping="Wrap" 
         AcceptsReturn="True" 
         VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto"
         AcceptsTab="True" />

文本选择与操作

WinForm中的文本选择

C#
// 选择文本
txtName.SelectionStart = 0;
txtName.SelectionLength = 5;
txtName.SelectedText = "Hello";

WPF中的文本选择

C#
<Window x:Class="AppTextBox.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:AppTextBox"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
    <Grid>
        <Grid Margin="10">
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>

            <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Text="文本选择示例" FontSize="18" FontWeight="Bold" Margin="0,0,0,10"/>

            <TextBox x:Name="txtName" Grid.Row="1" Height="30" Margin="0,0,0,10"   
                 FontSize="14" VerticalContentAlignment="Center"/>

            <WrapPanel Grid.Row="2" Margin="0,10,0,0">
                <Button x:Name="btnSelectFirst5" Content="选择前5个字符" Margin="5" Padding="5"  
                    Click="btnSelectFirst5_Click"/>
                <Button x:Name="btnReplaceFirst5" Content="替换前5个字符为Hello" Margin="5" Padding="5"  
                    Click="btnReplaceFirst5_Click"/>
                <Button x:Name="btnSelectLast5" Content="选择后5个字符" Margin="5" Padding="5"  
                    Click="btnSelectLast5_Click"/>
                <Button x:Name="btnReplaceLast5" Content="替换后5个字符为World" Margin="5" Padding="5"  
                    Click="btnReplaceLast5_Click"/>
                <Button x:Name="btnGetSelection" Content="获取选中内容" Margin="5" Padding="5"  
                    Click="btnGetSelection_Click"/>
                <Button x:Name="btnClearSelection" Content="清除选择" Margin="5" Padding="5"  
                    Click="btnClearSelection_Click"/>
                <Button x:Name="btnSelectAll" Content="全选文本" Margin="5" Padding="5"  
                    Click="btnSelectAll_Click"/>
                <Button x:Name="btnResetText" Content="重置文本" Margin="5" Padding="5"  
                    Click="btnResetText_Click"/>
            </WrapPanel>
        </Grid>
    </Grid>
</Window>

C#
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace AppTextBox
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 初始化文本框内容  
            txtName.Text = "这是一段可以选择的示例文本";
        }

        private void btnSelectFirst5_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 选择文本的第一种方式  
            txtName.SelectionStart = 0;
            txtName.SelectionLength = 5;
            txtName.Focus(); // 使文本框获得焦点以显示选择  
        }

        private void btnReplaceFirst5_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 选择并替换文本的第一种方式  
            txtName.SelectionStart = 0;
            txtName.SelectionLength = 5;
            txtName.SelectedText = "Hello";
            txtName.Focus();
        }

        private void btnSelectLast5_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 选择文本的第二种方式  
            int startIndex = Math.Max(0, txtName.Text.Length - 5);
            txtName.Select(startIndex, 5);
            txtName.Focus();
        }

        private void btnReplaceLast5_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 选择并替换文本的第二种方式  
            int startIndex = Math.Max(0, txtName.Text.Length - 5);
            txtName.Select(startIndex, 5);
            txtName.SelectedText = "World";
            txtName.Focus();
        }

        private void btnGetSelection_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 获取当前选择的文本  
            string selectedText = txtName.SelectedText;
            MessageBox.Show($"当前选择的文本是: {selectedText}", "选择信息");
        }

        private void btnClearSelection_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 清除选择  
            txtName.SelectionLength = 0;
            txtName.Focus();
        }

        private void btnSelectAll_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 全选文本  
            txtName.SelectAll();
            txtName.Focus();
        }

        private void btnResetText_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 重置文本框内容  
            txtName.Text = "这是一段可以选择的示例文本";
            txtName.Focus();
        }
    }
}

高级TextBox应用实例

示例1：带有水印效果的TextBox

在WPF中实现水印效果比WinForm更加简单和灵活。

WPF水印实现

XML
<Window x:Class="AppTextBox.Window1"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:AppTextBox"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Window1" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.Resources>
        <local:BooleanToVisibilityConverter x:Key="BooleanToVisibilityConverter" />
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid>
        <!-- 使用Style实现水印效果 -->
        <TextBox x:Name="txtSearch" Width="200" Height="30">
            <TextBox.Style>
                <Style TargetType="TextBox">
                    <Setter Property="Template">
                        <Setter.Value>
                            <ControlTemplate TargetType="TextBox">
                                <Grid>
                                    <TextBox x:Name="PART_TextBox" 
                                         Text="{Binding Path=Text, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, 
                                                UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"
                                         Background="Transparent"
                                         Panel.ZIndex="2" />
                                    <TextBlock Text="请输入搜索内容..." 
                                           Foreground="Gray"
                                           Margin="5,3,0,0"
                                           Visibility="{Binding Path=Text.IsEmpty, 
                                                     RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, 
                                                     Converter={StaticResource BooleanToVisibilityConverter}}" />
                                </Grid>
                            </ControlTemplate>
                        </Setter.Value>
                    </Setter>
                </Style>
            </TextBox.Style>
        </TextBox>
    </Grid>
</Window>

C#
// 在后台代码中需添加转换器
public class BooleanToVisibilityConverter : IValueConverter
{
    public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
    {
        bool isEmpty = (bool)value;
        return isEmpty ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.Collapsed;
    }

    public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}

WinForm水印实现对比

C#
// WinForm中实现水印需要自定义控件或者监听事件
private void txtSearch_Enter(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (txtSearch.Text == "请输入搜索内容...")
    {
        txtSearch.Text = "";
        txtSearch.ForeColor = Color.Black;
    }
}

private void txtSearch_Leave(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(txtSearch.Text))
    {
        txtSearch.Text = "请输入搜索内容...";
        txtSearch.ForeColor = Color.Gray;
    }
}

示例2：带验证功能的TextBox

WPF的数据绑定和验证机制使得实现输入验证变得简单。

WPF验证实现

XML
<Window x:Class="AppTextBox.Window2"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:AppTextBox"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Window2" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.DataContext>
        <local:RuleModel />
    </Window.DataContext>

    <Grid Margin="20">
        <StackPanel>
            <TextBlock Text="请输入电子邮箱:" Margin="0,0,0,5"/>

            <TextBox x:Name="txtEmail" Width="250" HorizontalAlignment="Left">
                <TextBox.Text>
                    <Binding Path="Email" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged">
                        <Binding.ValidationRules>
                            <local:EmailValidationRule />
                        </Binding.ValidationRules>
                    </Binding>
                </TextBox.Text>
                <TextBox.Style>
                    <Style TargetType="TextBox">
                        <Style.Triggers>
                            <Trigger Property="Validation.HasError" Value="True">
                                <Setter Property="ToolTip"   
                                        Value="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self},   
                                               Path=(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}" />
                                <Setter Property="Border.BorderBrush" Value="Red" />
                            </Trigger>
                        </Style.Triggers>
                    </Style>
                </TextBox.Style>
            </TextBox>

            <Button Content="提交" Width="100" HorizontalAlignment="Left"   
                    Margin="0,20,0,0" Click="SubmitButton_Click"/>

            <TextBlock x:Name="resultTextBlock" Margin="0,10,0,0"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace AppTextBox
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for Window2.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class Window2 : Window
    {
        public Window2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void SubmitButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (Validation.GetHasError(txtEmail))
            {
                resultTextBlock.Text = "请修正输入错误后再提交";
                resultTextBlock.Foreground = System.Windows.Media.Brushes.Red;
            }
            else
            {
                resultTextBlock.Text = "邮箱验证成功！";
                resultTextBlock.Foreground = System.Windows.Media.Brushes.Green;
            }
        }
    }
}

C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Controls;

namespace AppTextBox
{
    // 自定义邮箱验证规则  
    public class EmailValidationRule : ValidationRule
    {
        public override ValidationResult Validate(object value, CultureInfo cultureInfo)
        {
            string email = value as string;
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email))
                return new ValidationResult(false, "邮箱不能为空");

            // 简单的邮箱格式验证  
            if (!Regex.IsMatch(email, @"^\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*$"))
                return new ValidationResult(false, "邮箱格式不正确");

            return ValidationResult.ValidResult;
        }
    }
}

C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace AppTextBox
{
    public class RuleModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        private string _email;

        public string Email
        {
            get { return _email; }
            set
            {
                if (_email != value)
                {
                    _email = value;
                    OnPropertyChanged();
                }
            }
        }

        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
        {
            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
        }
    }
}

WinForm验证实现对比

C#
private bool ValidateEmail(string email)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(email))
    {
        errorProvider1.SetError(txtEmail, "邮箱不能为空");
        return false;
    }

    if (!Regex.IsMatch(email, @"^\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*$"))
    {
        errorProvider1.SetError(txtEmail, "邮箱格式不正确");
        return false;
    }

    errorProvider1.SetError(txtEmail, "");
    return true;
}

private void txtEmail_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    ValidateEmail(txtEmail.Text);
}

示例3：MVVM模式下的TextBox数据绑定

WPF的MVVM架构让数据绑定变得更加清晰和高效。

XML
<Window x:Class="AppTextBox.Window3"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:AppTextBox"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Window3" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.Resources>
        <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
            <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5" />
            <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center" />
        </Style>
        <Style TargetType="TextBox">
            <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5" />
            <Setter Property="Padding" Value="5" />
            <Setter Property="Height" Value="30" />
        </Style>
        <Style TargetType="Button">
            <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5" />
            <Setter Property="Padding" Value="15,5" />
            <Setter Property="Height" Value="35" />
        </Style>
    </Window.Resources>

    <Grid Margin="10">
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

        <!-- 标题 -->
        <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"   
                   Text="个人信息录入"   
                   FontSize="20"   
                   FontWeight="Bold"  
                   Margin="5,5,5,20"/>

        <!-- 姓名输入 -->
        <TextBlock Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Text="姓名:"/>
        <TextBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1"   
                 Text="{Binding PersonName, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"/>

        <!-- 年龄输入 -->
        <TextBlock Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Text="年龄:"/>
        <TextBox Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1"   
                 Text="{Binding PersonAge, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}"/>

        <!-- 输入数据展示 -->
        <Border Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"   
                BorderBrush="LightGray"   
                BorderThickness="1"   
                Margin="5,15"   
                Padding="10">
            <StackPanel>
                <TextBlock Text="预览信息:" FontWeight="Bold"/>
                <TextBlock>  
                    <Run Text="姓名: "/>  
                    <Run Text="{Binding PersonName, Mode=OneWay}"/>
                </TextBlock>
                <TextBlock>  
                    <Run Text="年龄: "/>  
                    <Run Text="{Binding PersonAge, Mode=OneWay}"/>  
                    <Run Text="岁"/>
                </TextBlock>
            </StackPanel>
        </Border>

        <!-- 保存按钮 -->
        <Button Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"   
                Content="保存"   
                HorizontalAlignment="Right"  
                Command="{Binding SaveCommand}"/>

        <!-- 状态展示区 -->
        <TextBlock Grid.Row="5" Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"   
                   Text="{Binding StatusMessage}"   
                   VerticalAlignment="Bottom"  
                   Foreground="Green"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>

C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace AppTextBox
{
    public class Person
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return $"{Name}, {Age}岁";
        }
    }
}

C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows;

namespace AppTextBox
{
    public class PersonViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        private Person _person;

        private string _personName;
        public string PersonName
        {
            get { return _personName; }
            set
            {
                if (_personName != value)
                {
                    _personName = value;
                    OnPropertyChanged(nameof(PersonName));
                    // 当值改变时，可能影响保存命令的可用性  
                    CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested();
                }
            }
        }

        private int _personAge;
        public int PersonAge
        {
            get { return _personAge; }
            set
            {
                if (_personAge != value)
                {
                    _personAge = value;
                    OnPropertyChanged(nameof(PersonAge));
                    // 当值改变时，可能影响保存命令的可用性  
                    CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested();
                }
            }
        }

        private string _statusMessage;
        public string StatusMessage
        {
            get { return _statusMessage; }
            set
            {
                if (_statusMessage != value)
                {
                    _statusMessage = value;
                    OnPropertyChanged(nameof(StatusMessage));
                }
            }
        }

        public ICommand SaveCommand { get; private set; }

        public PersonViewModel()
        {
            _person = new Person();
            SaveCommand = new RelayCommand(SavePerson, CanSavePerson);
        }

        private bool CanSavePerson()
        {
            // 验证输入的有效性  
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(PersonName))
                return false;

            // 尝试确保年龄是有效的正整数  
            return PersonAge > 0;
        }

        private void SavePerson()
        {
            try
            {
                // 将数据从ViewModel传递到Model  
                _person.Name = PersonName;
                _person.Age = PersonAge;

                // 这里可以添加持久化逻辑，例如保存到数据库  

                // 显示保存结果  
                MessageBox.Show($"保存成功：{_person}", "信息", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);

                // 更新状态消息  
                StatusMessage = $"已于 {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} 保存信息";
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show($"保存失败: {ex.Message}", "错误", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Error);
                StatusMessage = "保存失败，请检查输入";
            }
        }

        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        protected void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
        {
            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
        }
    }
}

C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace AppTextBox
{
    public class RelayCommand : ICommand
    {
        private readonly Action _execute;
        private readonly Func<bool> _canExecute;

        public RelayCommand(Action execute, Func<bool> canExecute = null)
        {
            _execute = execute ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(execute));
            _canExecute = canExecute;
        }

        public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
        {
            return _canExecute == null || _canExecute();
        }

        public void Execute(object parameter)
        {
            _execute();
        }

        public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
        {
            add { CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
            remove { CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
        }
    }
}

C#
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace AppTextBox
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for Window3.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class Window3 : Window
    {
        public Window3()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            DataContext = new PersonViewModel();
        }
    }
}

示例4：自定义样式的TextBox

WPF提供了强大的样式和模板功能，可以轻松自定义控件外观。

XML
<Window x:Class="AppTextBox.Window4"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:AppTextBox"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="Window4" Height="450" Width="800">
    <Window.Resources>
        <BooleanToVisibilityConverter x:Key="BooleanToVisibilityConverter"/>

        <!-- 先定义软阴影效果资源 -->
        <DropShadowEffect x:Key="SoftShadowEffect"   
                          ShadowDepth="1"   
                          Direction="270"   
                          Color="#20000000"   
                          BlurRadius="5"   
                          Opacity="0.3" />

        <!-- 自定义TextBox样式 -->
        <Style x:Key="ModernTextBox" TargetType="TextBox">
            <Setter Property="Height" Value="40" />
            <Setter Property="Padding" Value="10,0" />
            <Setter Property="VerticalContentAlignment" Value="Center" />
            <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#333333" />
            <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="14" />
            <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Segoe UI" />
            <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="0" />
            <Setter Property="Template">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="TextBox">
                        <Grid>
                            <!-- 主边框 -->
                            <Border x:Name="MainBorder"   
                                    Background="#F7F9FC"   
                                    CornerRadius="8"   
                                    BorderThickness="1"  
                                    BorderBrush="#E0E6ED"  
                                    Effect="{StaticResource SoftShadowEffect}">
                                <Grid>
                                    <!-- 输入文本区域 -->
                                    <ScrollViewer x:Name="PART_ContentHost"   
                                                 Margin="10,2"   
                                                 VerticalAlignment="Center"  
                                                 Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" />

                                    <!-- 占位提示文本 -->
                                    <TextBlock Text="{TemplateBinding Tag}"   
                                              Foreground="#A0AEC0"   
                                              Margin="12,0,0,0"  
                                              FontSize="{TemplateBinding FontSize}"  
                                              FontFamily="{TemplateBinding FontFamily}"  
                                              VerticalAlignment="Center"  
                                              Visibility="{Binding Text.IsEmpty,   
                                                       RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent},   
                                                       Converter={StaticResource BooleanToVisibilityConverter}}" />
                                </Grid>
                            </Border>
                        </Grid>
                        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                            <!-- 获取焦点时的视觉效果 -->
                            <Trigger Property="IsFocused" Value="True">
                                <Setter TargetName="MainBorder" Property="BorderBrush" Value="#3498db" />
                                <Setter TargetName="MainBorder" Property="BorderThickness" Value="2" />
                                <Setter TargetName="MainBorder" Property="Background" Value="#FFFFFF" />
                            </Trigger>
                            <!-- 鼠标悬停效果 -->
                            <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                                <Setter TargetName="MainBorder" Property="BorderBrush" Value="#CBD5E0" />
                                <Setter TargetName="MainBorder" Property="Background" Value="#FFFFFF" />
                            </Trigger>
                            <!-- 禁用状态效果 -->
                            <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                                <Setter TargetName="MainBorder" Property="Background" Value="#F0F0F0" />
                                <Setter TargetName="MainBorder" Property="BorderBrush" Value="#E0E0E0" />
                                <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="#AAAAAA" />
                            </Trigger>
                        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                    </ControlTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>
    </Window.Resources>

    <Grid>
        <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="20">
            <TextBlock Text="登录信息"   
                       FontSize="24"   
                       FontWeight="SemiBold"   
                       Margin="0,0,0,30"   
                       Foreground="#2D3748"/>

            <!-- 使用自定义样式的TextBox -->
            <TextBox Style="{StaticResource ModernTextBox}"   
                     Tag="请输入用户名"  
                     Width="300"   
                     Margin="0,0,0,15" />

            <TextBox Style="{StaticResource ModernTextBox}"   
                     Tag="请输入密码"  
                     Width="300"  
                     Margin="0,0,0,20" />

            <Button Content="登 录"   
                    Height="40"   
                    Width="300"  
                    Background="#3498db"  
                    Foreground="White"  
                    BorderThickness="0"  
                    FontSize="14"  
                    FontWeight="SemiBold">
                <Button.Resources>
                    <Style TargetType="Border">
                        <Setter Property="CornerRadius" Value="8"/>
                    </Style>
                </Button.Resources>
            </Button>
        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

WPF TextBox与WinForm TextBox的全面对比

特性	WinForm TextBox	WPF TextBox
基本布局	通过Location、Size属性进行绝对定位	使用Grid、StackPanel等布局容器进行相对定位
样式定制	有限，主要通过Properties窗口设置	极其灵活，支持通过XAML样式和模板完全自定义外观
数据绑定	基础绑定能力，大多数情况需要手动同步	强大的双向绑定，支持转换器、验证规则等高级特性
事件处理	使用传统的事件处理模式	支持命令模式（Command），事件可以在XAML中直接绑定
多行文本	通过Multiline属性支持	通过TextWrapping和AcceptsReturn属性支持，且布局更灵活
输入验证	通常需要使用ErrorProvider或自定义逻辑	内置的验证机制，可通过IDataErrorInfo接口和ValidationRule轻松实现
控件模板	不支持模板化	完全支持控件模板，可以重新定义控件外观而保留行为
水印效果	需要自行处理Enter/Leave事件	可通过样式和绑定轻松实现
架构支持	不适合MVVM模式	天然支持MVVM架构模式

结语

从WinForm到WPF的转型不仅是技术框架的变更，更是UI开发理念的升级。通过TextBox这一基础控件的对比，我们可以看到WPF在界面设计、数据绑定和用户体验方面带来的巨大进步。无论是开发新应用还是迁移现有项目，掌握WPF的特性和开发模式都将帮助开发者构建更现代、更易维护的Windows桌面应用程序。

希望本文的详细示例和实践指导能够帮助你顺利完成从WinForm到WPF的技术转型，充分发挥WPF框架的强大能力，打造出更优秀的用户体验。

欢迎在评论区分享你在迁移过程中的心得体会和遇到的问题，我们一起探讨解决方案，共同进步！

#WPF开发 #C#编程 #WinForm迁移 #TextBox控件 #MVVM架构 #数据绑定 #界面设计 #.NET开发 #桌面应用开发

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